Lit. Review

Weise, Elizabeth. (2008). Agreement could bring end to animal testing: Agencies will develop other methods, 4a. From Academic Search Elite Database.
There has been three agencies that have decided to develop new methods of testing for safety of humans for new drugs and chemicals. The Environment Protection Agency, The National Toxicology Program, and The National Institutes of Health have all made these decisions to make the new methods in testing. These companies have signed a “Memorandum of Understanding” to develop these ideas. Stephens of the Humane society thinks it will be at least 10 years before the animal testing can be stopped. The Humane Society and other groups have protested for long times about the animal testing of cosmetics and other personal products. Stephens would estimate to be about 10 million animals a year die from toxicity testing. They hope to rely on new testing of human cell growth in test tubes and computer driven test machines. He thinks that this will be a good method because it will use something that will be in human body along with the fact that it will cut down on the animals sacrificed. He thinks that they need to do more effective test with the cell growth tissues. This is supposedly the best way of testing other than animal testing. He agrees that applied research is something that is needed through animal testing to save lives. Saving the lives of Humans is more important than saving the lives of animals. He thinks that these 3 agencies will help cut down on animal testing’s very significantly.
Archibald, Kathy. (2006). Animal Testing, Vol. 36, Issue 9. From Academic Search Elite Database.
This is article that talks about the safety of prescription drugs. Six men were killed on a drug that was tested on monkeys, this drug was supposedly proven safe from the test. This drug was tested on many different monkeys and was thought to be ready for humans to take. Side affects of prescription drugs is the fourth leading cause of death in the world today. Kathy, the Director of Europeans of Medical Progress, thinks that the new advancements in test of human cell growth could have prevented this disaster. Monkeys failed to be able to prevent this, and she thinks that this could be a future problem. Kathy thinks that the animal test need to be more thoroughly researched and maybe even researched on the test tubes after being testing on the animals. It couldn’t hurt anything to be more thoroughly researched. When something is thought to be safe through animal testing but kills humans it is something that is very hurtful to the community. But Kathy thinks animal testing is needed to help prevent many things and save many lives. But we don’t want to cause the death of any humans on the way to preventing these diseases. Also companies use the animal testing’s as a liability claim when someone is injured or hurt by a drug. Also if a drug has caused someone’s death, because they will let the people and family know that they have done is much research as possible to insure that the drug is safe. They have done many test on animals and studied the drug till they think that the drug is 100 percent reliable even though that is never possible to know. But they do work as hard as they can to do the best job on testing a drug. Drug testing is done many times before it can ever be put out in the market for people to buy.
Australian and New Zealand council for the care of animals research and teaching. (2008). General Benefits of Animal Based Science. Retrieved March 6, 2008 from ANCCART Web site: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/humane/benefit.html
This council talks about how the research of the animal testing is based on the health and the well being of the humans on this earth. That is the most important thing that the animal testing researchers have on their mind is saving lives of other people which I think is very important. Also another big thing that is a benefit from animal testing is anesthetics. They test this on many animals and helps the doctors in the operating room when they are trying to put out a patient. This is a really important thing of animal testing because it could really kill someone if you put them out with the wrong type of medicine or the wrong way. Applied research is very important and theoretical research is something that can help doctors and scientist in the future. While most think that cosmetic type of research is not necessary. I agree that this research on cosmetics is not necessary and can not be used to save the lives of people. I don’t think it is worth getting women more cosmetics to kill innocent animals also being tortured.
http://www.medicalprogress.org/alternatives/alternativesnews.cfm?news_id=371
Over 500 hundred researchers from the UK are supporting animal testing because they think it is a important source of research. They signed a declaration saying that it is important to their research, it was organized by the Research Defense Society. The signatures of important and famous doctors were included in the declaration to keep animal testing alive. It is something the doctors want to keep animal testing alive and helping them in the operating room. The doctors tell us that this animal testing has kept their techniques very good in the operating room on organ transplants. Organ transplants are said to be one of the most difficult things to do for a doctor. Doing animal testing on organs in the animals have gave the doctors new ways and also better ways of doing these organ transplants on humans. It is something that will be close to the same and no necessarily something that can go wrong on humans like drugs tested. Also talks about how different drugs can react differently on animals. You can test a drug on one type of animal and it be fine and then test a drug on another and it be killed. One of the first antibiotics was tested on rabbits and delayed for years because of the research. It is said that if they would have tested this on pigs that they would have all been killed and the antibiotic would have been put away for years. Animal testing can be misleading sometimes and this is why I think that it should been tested by animals along with many other test. But like most people say that the drug will not always be 100 percent effective and we will never know how it will react to a human on its first trial. But if we never try anything, then we will never have these breakthroughs.


Dashek, Ryan. (February 4, 2008). In limited doses Animal Testing is Acceptable: Certain types of testing benefits Society. Retrieved March 10, 2008.
There are estimated 20 million animal testing each year from 3 main categories of testing. This is Toxicology testing, applied research and theoretical research. Applied research is they type of research that is directed towards the goal of studying real life problems. This is trying to solve these problems such as trying to cure a disease. Theoretical research aims at the subjects anatomy. This is such things as physiology, psychology and things of that nature. Also Toxicology testing is the testing of things like cosmetics and pharmaceutical things. This writer from the University of Wisconsin accepts the applied research, because of what it is aimed at. I agree that when it is aimed toward life problems that it should be done. Also he agrees with most of the theoretical research but not all. And the cosmetic testing is the things that he rather not be animal tested. Applied research has been used to help prevent Hepatitis B, Polio, Herpes, and also has helped treat a person with high blood pressure. Many lives are saved every year from the applied research, thousands every year are to be the estimate. He thinks that we still need to try to cut down on the animals being tested every year. But the lives that are saved very much out weigh the cost of these procedures. Theoretical testing is a bit more questionable because it is just trying to further our knowledge on a subject and we are killing living creatures for doing this.

Archibald, Kathy. (January 15,2008) Animal Testing: Science or Fiction. Retrieved March 8, 2008.
Kathy writes in the Ecologist magazine about the 3 causes of death that lead the nation. Cancer, heart disease and stroke are the 3 that kill most in the West. The next leading killer is the side effects of prescription drugs, killing over 10,000 a year in the UK, and over 100,000 in the U.S. There has been a lot of drugs that help treat strokes and been successful in animal testing but killed humans when they take them. Also studies show that cigarette smoke, and alcohol are all safe to ingest. Kathy still says that a drug should still be effectively tested in test tubes and animal testing before giving it to a person. But no drug is 100 percent safe because it differs from age, gender and other factors. There are three different phases of animal testing that is mostly used. This is test tube and computer modeling, animal testing, and human testing. Hormone replacement therapy has been given to many women because it has been a successful thing in monkeys in lowering the risk of heart disease. This is something that has been very well benefited from animal testing. But there are many things that animal testing has approved that could seriously cause bad effects on humans. So there are many arguments on the whole animal testing vs. the test tubes. The only thing about the test tubes is that it will not be able to test and try to prevent some kind of cancer which I think that is something that is needed very much in this world today. I am all for the animal testing but along with it I think that it should be tested by test tubes too. Because this gives it another test that involves something from a human just to see if there is any side effects from it. But no drug can be testing to know if it is 100 percent safe. If someone is already going to die of a disease I think that it is important that we at least try things that might save their lives are the lives of many other people in the future.